In short
Treatment for pancreatic cancer depends on the stage of the disease and your health [7]. Options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy [7]. New treatments are being studied in clinical trials to help improve outcomes [5].
The details
For early-stage disease that can be removed, surgery is an option [5]. Common surgeries include the Whipple procedure, total pancreatectomy, or distal pancreatectomy [7]. If the cancer cannot be removed, palliative procedures like stents or bypasses can help relieve symptoms such as blockages [7].
For advanced or metastatic disease, systemic therapies are used [2]. Chemotherapy uses drugs to stop cancer cells from growing [7]. Common chemotherapy drugs include gemcitabine, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin [7]. These drugs are often given in combinations [7].
Targeted therapy blocks specific molecules that help cancer grow [7]. This treatment is used for a small number of patients whose tumors have specific genetic changes [7]. Molecular testing of the tumor is important to see if this option is suitable [7]. Other options include radiation therapy to kill cells or shrink tumors, and pain control measures like nerve injections [7]. Neoadjuvant therapy (treatment before surgery) and immunotherapy are also emerging options [5].
What to know
Most patients present with advanced disease at diagnosis, which makes treatment challenging [2]. Survival rates have remained relatively unchanged for many years, though new therapies offer hope [2]. Treatment plans should consider your overall health and personal preferences [7]. Always discuss the risks and benefits of each option with your medical team.